HISTORY & GOVT II

PAPER II

 

SECTION A.

 

1. State the methods the historians have used to obtain the historical information concerning

their country.                                                                                                                     (2mks)

2. What are the most common features of the political organisation of most Bantu communities.

(3mks)

3. State three economic activities of the Kalenjin in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.

(3mks)

4. State three reasons behind the Maasai migration during the pre-colonial period          (3mks)
5. Describe the economic organisation of the Somali in pre-colonial period. (3mks)

 

 

6. What religious functions did the Orokoiyot of the Nandi perform during the pre-colonial

period?                                                                                                                             (3mks)

7. State two religious practices of the Agikuyu. (2mks)
8. Give two reasons why the British allowed the Imperial British East Africa Company to administer their possession in East Africa during the 19^th                                  (2mks)
9. Give two reasons why the Turkana were able to resist the incoming of the British for such

along time.                                                                                                                        (2mks)

10. What were the reasons behind the construction of the Kenyan Uganda railway. (2mks)

 

 SECTION B  (45 MARKS)

 

11. (a) What were the effects of the Maasai migration during the pre-colonial period? (7mks)

(b) What was the role of the council of elders among the Kenyan communities during the

pre-colonial period?.                                                                                                   (8mks)

 

12. (a) What were the sources of information about the Kenyan Coast by the 16^th (5mks)

(b) Describe the characteristics of Coastal towns by 1500.                                              (10mks)

 

13. (a) What factors led to the Mau Mau uprising in colonial Kenya?           (10mks)

(b) Name five African leaders who were detained with the declaration of a state of emergency

in Kenya.                                                                                                                     (5mks)

 

14. (a) In what ways did the colonial government provide settler agriculture? (9mks)

(b) Name some of the enterpreneurial activities Africans engaged in during the Colonial

period in Kenya.                                                                                                         (6mks)

 

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

 

15. (a) What are the duties and functions of the District Commissioners? (9mks)

(b) Identify six categories of people whose personal liberty is limited.                           (6mks)

 

16. (a) Identify the rules of using the wheel on people who used it. (5mks)

(b) What is the role of KANU in government?                                                              (10mks)

 

17. (a) Identify several types of elections in Kenya. (6mks)

(b) State the conditions necessary for one to qualify to be elected as a member of parliament.

(9mks)

 

HISTORY & GOVT II

PAPER II

MARKING SCHEME

 

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

 

1. Methods the historians used to obtain the historical information concerning their

• Archeology
• Anthropology
• Written records
• Oral traditions
• Linguistics Any 2×1 = 2marks

 

2. Features of the political organisation of most Bantu communities.

• The Bantu were organized into clans.
• They had age-set and the kinship systems.
• Most of the Bantu societies were decentralized.
• They had councils of elders who acted as the highest political constitutions.
• They had warriors who defended each community.

Any 3×1 = 3marks

 

3. Economic activities of the Kalenjin in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.

• They were farmers growing millet & sorghum
• They practised livestock keeping.
• They were iron workers making iron tools and weapons.
• Hunted and gathered wild fruits and roots.
• Traded with neighbours e.g. Luo, Maasai and Abaluyia.
• Had Craft Industry which included pottery and basketry and leather work.

Any 3×1 = 3marks

 

4. Reasons behind the Maasai migration during the pre-colonial period.

• Population increase / pressure.
• Search for pasture for their animals.
• Drought and famine.
• Internal quarrels / civil wars.
• External pressure / war with neighbours e.g. the Iteso, Turkana and Karamajong’.

Any 3×1 = 3marks

 

5. Economic organisation of the Somali in pre-colonial period.

• They were nomadic pastrolists who kept camels, cattle, goats and sheep.
• They also practised smithing, pottery and weaving & other crafts.
• Hunting and gathering. any 3×1 = 3marks

 

6. Functions the Orokoiyot of the Nandi perform during the pre-colonial period

• Acting as a priest / mediating between people and God.
• Offering sacrifices to God on behalf of the people.
• Blessing people before they undertook special activities e.g. blessing warriors before a raid.                                                                            any 1x 3 = 3marks

7. Religious practices of the Agikuyu.

• Ancestral worship
• Worshipped God in sacred places
• They offered sacrifices to God. any 2×1 = 2marks

 

8. Reasons why the British allowed the Imperial British East Africa Company to administer their possession in East Africa during the 19^th Century.

• It would have been very expensive for the British tax payers to sustain.
• The company officials were familiar with the region based in their trading experience in the area.
• British government did not have enough personnel for administration.

any 2×1 = 2marks

 

 

 

 

9. Reasons why the Turkana were able to resist the incoming of the British for such along time.

–    Their country was hilly, rocky and dry therefore they were able to relocate their

animals and  homesteads as soon as they sighted the British.

• They knew their terrain better than the British.
• They acquired arms from Ethiopia through their agents like the Dangiro and Merille.

Any 2×1 = 2marks

 

10. Reasons behind the construction of the Kenyan Uganda railway.

• To establish effective control over British East Africa.
• To stop slave trade and promote legitimate trade.
• To facilitate the movement of troops and government administrators.
• To link Uganda with the East Coast and the outside world for greater economic growth.                                     Any 2×1 = 2marks

 

SECTION B  (45 MARKS)

 

11. (a) Effects of the Maasai migration during the pre-colonial period

• Increase in population in Kenya.
• Split of Maasai into two Ilmaasai and Iloikop.
• Kwari took over cultivation. They were partly influenced by their agricultural neighbours and favourable climate and soil.
• A number of communities were displaced by the Maasai e.g. Abagusii.
• They intermarried with their neighbours e.g. Agikuyu, Gusii.
• They traded with their neighbours i.e. Gusii, Agikuyu and Akamba.
• They influenced improvements in the military techniques of their neighbours.

1×8 = 8marks

 

(b) Role of the council of elders among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period.

• Maintenance of law and order.
• Settlement of disputes.
• Presiding over religious ceremonies.
• Dealt with war affairs & epidemics
• Ensured peaceful relations with other communities by setting boundaries.
• Determined inter-tribal marriages.
• Declared times for social functions such as initiation.
• Declared ware and make peace neighbours. 1×8 = 8marks

 

12. (a) Sources of information about the Kenyan Coast by the 16^th century

• Greco Roman documentary that only makes indirect references to the Coast.
• The periplus of the Erythrean sea written in Greek around 120 A.D. describing commercial voyage along the coast.
• Geography – a title of a book written by Claudius Atolemy on the 5^th It describes regular and busy commerce between outsiders and the local population.
• Documents by Arab merchants such as Ibu-Batula and Al Masudi provide some information.
• Several Swahili histories (chronicles) which have come down from early time e.g. the history of pate, Lamu and Mombasa.
• Archeological evidence which include remains of pottery iron tools and coins which support the existence of international trade.       Any 5×1 = 10 marks

(b) The characteristics of Coastal towns by 1500.

• Kiswahili was the language of communication.
• Islam was the common religion.
• Architecture was African but with influence from Arabian, Persian and Indian designs.
• Islamic law was used in administration
• Prosperity was based on commerce across the Indian Ocean.
• Trade was the main economic activity in the towns.
• A sultan, Sheikh or diwan headed a city state government which was independent.
• Towns were centres of commerce, religion and administration.
• Competition among the city states for wealth and power was common.
• Towns minted and used their own coins / money.
• People wore woven and silk clothes. Any 10×1 = 10marks

 

13. (a) Factors that led to he Mau Mau uprising in colonial Kenya

• Loss of independence to Europeans
• Failure by the colonial government to fulfil the promises made during recruitment of the war effort e.g. employment.
• There was growing unemployment as well as deteriorating living and working conditions for African workers
• Oppression by cruel chiefs and colonial police
• Land alienation.
• Refusal by the Colonial government to introduce political reforms.
• Discrimination in the provision of Social services.
• Police opening fire on upland Bacon factory workers who were on strike killing and wounding some.
• The Olong episode October 1949 in Seme arid Yatta.
• Taxation
• Poor wages
• Forced labour
• European cultural arrogance.                        Any 10x = 10marks

 

(b) African leaders who were detained with the declaration of a state of emergency in Kenya.

–     Jomo Kenyatta

• Bildad Kagia
• Fred Kubai
• Paul Ngei
• Achieng Oneko
• Kungu Karumba Any 5×1 = 5marks

 

14. (a) In what ways did the colonial government provide settler agriculture?

• They provided the settlers with land.
• They provided continuos flow of labour.
• African agricultural activities were controlled to reduce competition for markets e.g. Africans were not allowed to grow coffee until 1930’s.
• They provided adequate transport network to ease marketing of produce and delivery of farm inputs e.g. roads were constructed and railway extended.
• They established research stations to facilitate the development of better breeds for better yields.
• The Colonial government established banks where the settlers got loans.
• They encouraged settlers to form co-operatives for better marketing of their produce.
• Through political representation in the legislative council they managed to get many Concessions from the government such as tariff barriers and removal of custom duties.
• The Ministry of Agriculture was established to co-ordinate their agricultural activities.                                     1×9 = 9marks

 

(b) Name some of the enterpreneurial activities Africans engaged in during the Colonial period

in Kenya.

–     Food processing.

• Trade
• Mining
• Beer brewing
• Tailoring
• Sheep keeping
• Commercial transport. Any 6×1 = 6marks