SECTION B (30 MARKS)
13.(a) The factors which have facilitated industrialization in the Third World since Mid 20th.
- – Availability of cheap labour.
- – Availability of necessary raw materials e.g. agricultural and minerals.
- – Acquisition of relevant technological know-how
- – Existence of some indigenous industries which provided the foundation for the process of industrialization.
- – Demand for the products both locally and in other countries
- – Availability of capital from World Bank, IMF etc.
- – Existence of a developed infrastructural facilities e.g. roads, railways, banks, insurance, etc.
- – Availability of power e.g. Coal, HEP, oil, etc.
- – Encouragement of foreign investment in the third World.
- – Political Stability/Sound economic planning.
Any 3 points, 1 mark each
- Factors which have hindered rapid industrialization in the third world countries:-
- – The large scale poverty which befalls such countries e.g. India.
- – Political turmoil which leaves no room for meaningful development.
- – Stiff competition from the developed world e.g. the USA.
- – High population growth rates which differ to the national revenue to only feeding and social welfare activities.
- – Poor network of transport and communication in such nations.
- – Inadequate capital for industrial investment.
- – Poor planning, hence less emphasis on the industrial sector.
- – The bulk of the labour force is illiterate or semi-literate, hence the needed expertise and skills are lacking.
- – Widespread restrictive and protective policies which don’t encourage private enterprise and investors.
- – These countries lack the necessary natural resources e.g. minerals.
- – Some lack the necessary power. Most of the tropical rivers have not been harnessed for HEP generation. any 6 points, 2marks each
- (a) Factors for the development of trade between the West African Coast and the outside
World:-
- – High demand for the foreign goods in W. Africa and demand for Western goods too in the New World and Europe.
- – Existence of local trade in the area
- – Accessibility of the regions through the Atlantic Ocean
- – Existence of a strong economy based on agriculture / availability of goods.
- – Presence of good and able leaders who provided security to traders.
- – Existence of rich merchants who invested in the trade.
- – The availability of slaves which later became a vital trade commodity from the forest belt.
Any 3 points, 1 mark each
- How slaves were acquired during the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade:-
- – Organized raids by individual traders and chiefs.
- – Warfare, through sale of war captives
- – Through leaders selling out subjects
- – Though kidnapping
- – Through enticing e.g. with sweets
- – Through panjaring / seizing of a debtor. Any 3 points, 1 mark
(c) The economic impact of the Trans Atlantic trade:-
- – Slave trade stimulated the growth of trade between Europe and West Africa e.g. guns & cloth were brought into West Africa.
- – Houses were destroyed and farms were burnt, while animals were killed hence destruction of property.
- – It led to the decline of the famous Trans- Saharan trade.
- – It led to economic underdevelopment and the strong men and women were taken away to captivity during slavery.
- – The importation of manufactured goods led to the decline of local industry.
- – The Africans developed a taste for the Western manufactured goods e.g. cloth, rum and glassware.
- – It led to the emergence of a wealthy class of merchants who acquired wealth from the trade e.g. John Hawkins, Jaja of Opobo, Samori Toure, etc.
- – It helped the United States to rise and grow as an industrial power using the skilled European and unskilled African slave labour
- – It led to underdevelopment and overexploitation of resources in Africa and America by the Europeans. any 6 points, 1½ marks each
15(a) Reasons for Samori Toure’s resistance against the French Colonialists:-
- – To end the French Colonialists
- – To end the French attempt to extend their pendence of the Mandinka Empire
- – To enable him maintain his throne
- – To defend the areas claimed by him
- – The French violation of their treaty of friendship – BISANDUGU
any 3 points, 1 mark each
- Factors for the protraction of this resistance.
- – Samori had acquired a lot of wealth from trade and hence was capable of maintaining his workers and soldiers.
- – He had a very strong standing army of about 12,000 regular and 90,000 reserves.
- – His capability to manufacture most of his weapons locally including supplement from abroad / well equipped army.
- – He had a determination of retaining and safeguarding his independence inspite of the foreign threats to occupy and rule it.
- – Samori was a staunch Muslim, thus he waged a jihad against the infidels / pagan French Christians / Mass religions support.
- – He had very good organizational skills hence was able to create highly swift and agile guerilla units within his army.
- – He applied the scorched earth policy against the French.
- – The creation of Boles United the Mandinka.
any 6 points, 2 marks each